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The History
References
and Acknowledgements
The History Behind Ryukyu Kempo Karate & Kobudō
参考文献
Okinawa Island. (2022). Retrieved August 19, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa_Island.
Okinawan at Heart: The Three Kingdoms of Ryukyu – the Sanzan Period. (April 3, 2013). Retrieved November 16, 2024, from http://www.okinawanatheart.com/2013/04/the-three-kingdoms-of-ryukyu-sanzan.html.
Jason White – A Martial Arts Channel. (March 17, 2017). THE HISTORY OF OKINAWAN KARATE [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/KC5S6IxwVWA.
Ryukyu Kingdom. (2024). Retrieved September 8, 2024, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom.
Sho Hashi. (2023). Retrieved September 17, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sho_Hashi.
Sho Kinpuku. (2021). Retrieved September 17, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sho_Kinpuku.
Sho Toku. (2023). Retrieved September 17, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sho_Toku.
Sho Sen’i. (2023). Retrieved September 17, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Sen%27i.
Sho Shin. (2023). Retrieved September 17, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sho_Shin.
Sho Nei. (2024). Retrieved September 8, 2024, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Nei.
The Latter Period Ryukyus/ Reconstruction of the Ryukyu Kingdom. Establishment of the Class System. Retrieved December 29, 2024, from http://rca.open.ed.jp/web_e/history/story/epoch3/saiken_4.htm.l#:~:text=The%20original%20form%20of%20the,Daimyo%2C%20Samurai%2C%20and%20farmers.https://www.jissenkarate .com/ryukyuan-caste-system.
Jissen Karate. (2024). Ryukyuan Caste System. Retrieved December 29, 2024, from https://www.jissenkarate.com/ryukyuan-caste-system.
Satsuma Domain. (2022). Retrieved August 20, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satsuma_Domain.
Invasion of Ryukyu. (2024). Retrieved September 7, 2024, from https://samurai-archives.com/wiki/Invasion_of_Ryukyu.
Sho Kei. (2024). Retrieved November 1, 2024, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Kei.
Sho On. (2024). Retrieved November 1, 2024, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_On.
JapanSocietyNYC. (February 2, 2016). Okinawa, the Birthplace of Karate [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/ZYw28NQa010.
Karate. (2022). Retrieved November 1, 2024, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate.
Okinawa Kobudo. (2022). Retrieved September 17, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawan_kobud%C5%8D.
BISHAMON GROUP RESTAURANTS: Samurai, Bushi and Ninja: Warriors of premodern Japan. (December 12, 2020). Retrieved November 16, 2024, from https://group.bishamon-ten.com/warriors-of-premodern-japan/.
FIGHTINGARTS.com. Okinawa’s Bushi: Karate Gentlemen (by Charles C. Goodin). Retrieved January 5, 2025, from http://www.fightingarts.com/reading/article.php?id=660.
KARATEbyJesse. (2011). Karate Myth Busting: The Secret Truth About Peasants and Karate. Retrieved September 1, 2024, from https://www.karatebyjesse.com/karate-myth-busting-the-secret-truth-about-peasants-and-karate.
Okinawan martial arts. (2022). Retrieved August 20, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawan_martial_arts.
Japan Karate Dp Hakua-kai. (2010). Retrieved September 8, 2024, from https://hakuakaikarate.org/history.
The evolution of martial arts and the Meiji reconstruction. (December 7, 2020) Retrieved November 2, 2024, from https://applied-aikido.com.ua/en/articles-en/the-evolution-of-martial-arts-and-the-meiji-reconstruction/.
Is Kempo the same as Karate? Understanding the Differences. (February 22, 2023) Retrieved January 5, 2025, from https://martialartswa.com/blog/is-kempo-the-same-as-karate-understanding-the-differences.
Ryukyu Kempo. (2022). Retrieved August 20, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ry%C5%ABky%C5%AB_Kempo.
Acknowledgements
Portions of “The History” and the items listed in “Our Disciplines” were told by our Dojo Head from stories passed down from his instructors. We thank those instructors for their dedication and valuable teachings on Ryukyu Kempo Karate.